Αρχαιολογική τοποθεσία
Type: Settlement
Geographical area: Central Greece → Lokris → Livanates
Chronological Period: From EPG to PG
Date: From 11th c. BC, 2nd half, 4th quarter to 10th c. BC, 2nd half.
Overall Phases of Use: From MH to LH, Rom to Byz
Location: Coastal & Hill
The settlement is located on a low coastal hill at the NE of the modern village of Livanates, known as 'Pyrgos', and widely identified as Kynos. Kynos was the main port of East Locris.
Surveyed/Excavated Area Size: 500 m² (0.05 ha)
Estimated Settlement Size: unknown
Fortification: no
Settlement Organization:
Street System: no
Drainage: no
Water Resources: no
Public Spaces: no
Contributors: Z. Papadopoulou
Only part of the settlement was excavated. The PG settlement was destructed by an earthquake. The excavators have distinguished 3 succeeding EIA habitation levels: the earliest (Kynos 5) is characterised ''post-Mycenaean'', Kynos 4 is the PG phase, and Kynos 3 succeeded the earlier phase 4 immediately after its destruction. No information is given on the architectural remains of Kynos 3. The PG architectural remains consist of the poorly-preserved foundation of 5 sections of walls and 2 groups of flat stones, which are possibly the remains of post bases.
Records
- 1979: Rescue Excavation by F. Dakoronia (Greek Archaeological Service)
- 1985-1995: Systematic Excavation by F. Dakoronia (Greek Archaeological Service)
References: Primary
- Dakoronia, F. & Kounouklas, P., 2009. Kynos’ Pace to the Early Iron Age, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy & A.E. Bächle (eds.), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms III. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007, Vienna: 61–76
- Dakoronia, F. & Kounouklas, P., 2012. Η Ανακύκλωση στην Αρχαιότητα: Το παράδειγμα του Κύνου, ΑΕΤΗSE 2: 1171–1178
- Dakoronia, F., 1979. Αρχαίος Κύνος Λοκρίδας, ArchDelt 34, Chr.: 186–187
- Dakoronia, F., 1985. Κύνος, ArchDelt 40, Chr.: 173–174
- Dakoronia, F., 1986. Κύνος Λιβανάτων, ArchDelt 41, Chr.: 68–69
- Dakoronia, F., 1987. Κύνος, ArchDelt 42, Chr.: 234
- Dakoronia, F., 1988. Κύνος, ArchDelt 43, Chr.: 223–224
- Dakoronia, F., 1989. Κύνος, ArchDelt 44, Chr.: 171–172
- Dakoronia, F., 1990. Πύργος Λιβανάτων. Κύνος, ArchDelt 45, Chr.: 177–178
- Dakoronia, F., 1991. Κύνος, ArchDelt 46, Chr.: 194–195
- Dakoronia, F., 1992. Κύνος, ArchDelt 47, Chron.: 208–211
- Dakoronia, F., 1993. Homeric Towns in East Lokris: Problems of Identification, Hesperia 62: 115–127
- Dakoronia, F., 1993. Κύνος, ArchDelt 48, Chr.: 218–219
- Dakoronia, F., 2002. Ανατολική Λοκρίδα: Η Ι στορία της μέσα από τα μνημεία και τις αρχαιολογικές έρευνες, in A. Bounia (ed.), Λοκρίδα. Ιστορία και Πολιτισμός: 19–112
- Dakoronia, F., 2003. The transition from the Late Helladic IIIC to the Early Iron Age at Kynos, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy & M. Zanadil (eds.), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001, Vienna: 37–51
- Kounouklas, P. 2009. Ο Κύνος στην Πρωτογεωμετρική Εποχή, A. Mazarakis Ainian (ed.), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Θεσσαλίας και Στερεάς Ελλάδας 2: Πρακτικά επιστημονικής συνάντησης, Βόλος 16.3-19.3.2006, vol. II, Volos: 989–997
References: Secondary
- Lemos, I.S., 2012. Euboea and Central Greece in the Post-Palatial and the Early Greek periods, AR 58: 19–27
Written Sources
- Kynos is mentioned in the Iliad among the poleis of East Locris, which took part in the Trojan War (Il. II 531-535). It was settled by Pyrrha and Deukalion (Strab. IX 4.2) or by Lokros (OLDFATHER 1924). Kynos owes its name to the son of Opous (Eust. Il. II 531) or Lokros (Schol. D. Hom. Il. II 531).
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